Les verbes irréguliers Anglais

Lorsque l'on apprend les verbes irréguliers en Anglais, on a généralement 3 colonnes :

Infinitif,Prétérit, Participe passé

Exemple :

Infinitif	Prétérit	Participe passé
to eat	ate	eaten

 

L'infinitif

L'infinitif est une forme non conjuguées d'un verbe.

Exemple : Manger

 

Le prétérit

En Anglais, le prétérit  que l’on appelle aussi past ou simple past (passé simple), est un des deux temps passé les plus utilisés en anglais.

Il remplace le passé composé, l'imparfait et le passé simple.

Le prétérit est utilisé principalement pour décrire une action clairement passée et terminée.

Il y a souvent une date ou un marqueur de temps comme « yesterday » ou « last week » etc.

 

Pour les verbes réguliers, le prétérit se forme en ajoutant -ED au verbe.

• I played some guitar = J'ai joué de la guitare

 

Le prétérit des verbes irréguliers se forme de façon différente. On n'ajoute pas -ED au verbe.

Et pas de change, les verbes irréguliers sont très utilisés. C'est le cas du verbe

to eat = manger

 

Le prétérit du verbe irrégulier to eat ne s'écrira pas eated mais ate.

Exemple de phrase utilisant le prétérit du verbe irrégulier to eat :

• Hier, j'ai mangé une vache entière = Yesterday, I ate a whole cow

Le participe passé

Comme en Français, on utilise le participe passé avec l’auxiliaire être ou avoir. Son rôle est multiple, il peut être utilisé en tant qu’adjectif ou bien encore pour former des temps composés.

Exemple d'utilisation en tant qu'adjectif :

• To write -> written note

 

En Anglais le participe passé est utilisé dans les temps composés past perfect » et « present perfect ».

Voici un exemple d'une phrase en Anglais au present perfect utilisant l'auxiliaire être ou avoir avec le verbe irrégulier to eat :

• I have eaten a whole cow = j'ai mangé une vache entière

 

Et voici un exemple au past perfect :

• I had gone before he arrived = J’y étais allé avant qu’il n’arrive.

 

Anglais ( Infinitif )	Prétérit	Participe passé	Français ( Infinitif )
awake	awoke	awoken	se réveiller
be	was, were	been	être
bear	bore	borne / born	porter / supporter
beat	beat	beaten	battre
become	became	become	devenir
begin	began	begun	commencer
bend	bent	bent	plier / se courber
bet	bet	bet	parier
bite	bit	bitten	mordre
bleed	bled	bled	saigner
blow	blew	blown	souffler / gonfler
break	broke	broken	casser
bring	brought	brought	apporter
build	built	built	construire
burn	burnt / burned	burnt / burned	brûler
buy	bought	bought	acheter
can	could	could	pouvoir
catch	caught	caught	attraper
choose	chose	chosen	choisir
come	came	come	venir
cost	cost	cost	coûter
cut	cut	cut	couper
do	did	done	faire
draw	drew	drawn	dessiner / tirer
dream	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed	rêver
drink	drank	drunk	boire
drive	drove	driven	conduire
eat	ate	eaten	manger
fall	fell	fallen	tomber
feed	fed	fed	nourrir
feel	felt	felt	se sentir / ressentir
fight	fought	fought	se battre
find	found	found	trouver
fly	flew	flown	voler
forbid	forbade	forbidden	interdire
forget	forgot	forgotten / forgot	oublier
forgive	forgave	forgiven	pardonner
freeze	froze	frozen	geler
get	got	gotten / got	obtenir
give	gave	given	donner
go	went	gone	aller
grow	grew	grown	grandir / pousser
hang	hung	hung	tenir / pendre
have	had	had	avoir
hear	heard	heard	entendre
hide	hid	hidden	cacher
hit	hit	hit	taper / appuyer
hold	held	held	tenir
hurt	hurt	hurt	blesser
keep	kept	kept	garder
know	knew	known	connaître / savoir
lead	led	led	mener / guider
learn	learnt	learnt	apprendre
leave	left	left	laisser / quitter / partir
let	let	let	permettre / louer / laisser
lie	lay	lain	s’allonger
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	allumer
lose	lost	lost	perdre
make	made	made	fabriquer
mean	meant	meant	signifier
meet	met	met	rencontrer
pay	paid	paid	payer
put	put	put	mettre
quit	quit	quit	quitter
read	read	read	lire
ride	rode	ridden	monter (vélo, cheval)
ring	rang	rung	sonner / téléphoner
rise	rose	risen	lever
run	ran	run	courir
say	said	said	dire
see	saw	seen	voir
seek	sought	sought	chercher
sell	sold	sold	vendre
send	sent	sent	envoyer
set	set	set	fixer
shake	shook	shaken	secouer
shine	shone	shone	briller
shoot	shot	shot	tirer / fusiller
show	showed	shown	montrer
shut	shut	shut	fermer
sing	sang	sung	chanter
sit	sat	sat	s’asseoir
sleep	slept	slept	dormir
smell	smelt	smelt	sentir
speak	spoke	spoken	parler
speed	sped	sped	aller vite
spell	spelt	spelt	épeler / orthographier
spend	spent	spent	dépenser / passer du temps
spit	spat / spit	spat / spit	cracher
split	split	split	fendre
spread	spread	spread	répandre
spring	sprang	sprung	surgir / jaillir / bondir
stand	stood	stood	être debout
steal	stole	stolen	voler / dérober
stick	stuck	stuck	coller
strike	struck	stricken / struck	frapper
swim	swam	swum	nager
swing	swung	swung	se balancer
take	took	taken	prendre
teach	taught	taught	enseigner
tell	told	told	dire / raconter
think	thought	thought	penser
throw	threw	thrown	jeter
understand	understood	understood	comprendre
wake	woke	woken	réveiller
wear	wore	worn	porter (avoir sur soi)
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted	mouiller
win	won	won	gagner
wring	wrung	wrung	tordre
write	wrote	written	écrire

Anglais ( Infinitif )	Prétérit	Participe passé	Français ( Infinitif )
abide	abode	abode	souffrir, suporter
arise	arose	arisen	survenir
awake	awoke	awoken	se réveiller
be	was, were	been	être
bear	bore	borne / born	porter / supporter
beat	beat	beaten	battre
become	became	become	devenir
beget	begat / begot	begotten	engendrer
begin	began	begun	commencer
bend	bent	bent	plier / se courber
bereave	bereft / bereaved	bereft / bereaved	déposséder / priver
bet	bet	bet	parier
bid	bid / bade	bid / bidden	offrir
bite	bit	bitten	mordre
bleed	bled	bled	saigner
blow	blew	blown	souffler / gonfler
break	broke	broken	casser
breed	bred	bred	élever (des animaux)
bring	brought	brought	apporter
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	diffuser / émettre
build	built	built	construire
burn	burnt / burned	burnt / burned	brûler
burst	burst	burst	éclater
buy	bought	bought	acheter
can	could	could	pouvoir
cast	cast	cast	jeter / distribuer (rôles)
catch	caught	caught	attraper
chide	chid	chiden	gronder
choose	chose	chosen	choisir
cling	clung	clung	s’accrocher
clothe	clad / clothed	clad / clothed	habiller / recouvrir
come	came	come	venir
cost	cost	cost	coûter
creep	crept	crept	ramper
cut	cut	cut	couper
deal	dealt	dealt	distribuer
dig	dug	dug	creuser
dive	dived	dived / dove	plonger
do	did	done	faire
draw	drew	drawn	dessiner / tirer
dream	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed	rêver
drink	drank	drunk	boire
drive	drove	driven	conduire
dwell	dwelt	dwelt / dwelled	habiter
eat	ate	eaten	manger
fall	fell	fallen	tomber
feed	fed	fed	nourrir
feel	felt	felt	se sentir / ressentir
fight	fought	fought	se battre
find	found	found	trouver
flee	fled	fled	s’enfuir
fling	flung	flung	lancer
fly	flew	flown	voler
forbid	forbade	forbidden	interdire
forecast	forecast	forecast	prévoir
forget	forgot	forgotten / forgot	oublier
forgive	forgave	forgiven	pardonner
forsake	forsook	forsaken	abandonner
forsee	foresaw	foresawn	prévoir / présentir
freeze	froze	frozen	geler
get	got	gotten / got	obtenir
give	gave	given	donner
go	went	gone	aller
grind	ground	ground	moudre / opprimer
grow	grew	grown	grandir / pousser
hang	hung	hung	tenir / pendre
have	had	had	avoir
hear	heard	heard	entendre
hide	hid	hidden	cacher
hit	hit	hit	taper / appuyer
hold	held	held	tenir
hurt	hurt	hurt	blesser
keep	kept	kept	garder
kneel	knelt / knelled	knelt / kneeled	s’agenouiller
know	knew	known	connaître / savoir
lay	laid	laid	poser
lead	led	led	mener / guider
lean	leant / leaned	leant / leaned	s’incliner / se pencher
leap	leapt / leaped	leapt / leaped	sauter / bondir
learn	learnt	learnt	apprendre
leave	left	left	laisser / quitter / partir
lend	lent	lent	prêter
let	let	let	permettre / louer / laisser
lie	lay	lain	s’allonger
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	allumer
lose	lost	lost	perdre
make	made	made	fabriquer
mean	meant	meant	signifier
meet	met	met	rencontrer
mow	mowed	mowed / mown	tondre
offset	offset	offset	compenser
overcome	overcame	overcome	surmonter
partake	partook	partaken	prendre part à
pay	paid	paid	payer
plead	pled / pleaded	pled / pleaded	supplier / plaider
preset	preset	preset	programmer
prove	proved	proven / proved	prouver
put	put	put	mettre
quit	quit	quit	quitter
read	read	read	lire
relay	relaid	relaid	relayer
rend	rent	rent	déchirer
rid	rid	rid	débarrasser
ride	rode	ridden	monter (vélo, cheval)
ring	rang	rung	sonner / téléphoner
rise	rose	risen	lever
run	ran	run	courir
saw	saw / sawed	sawn / sawed	scier
say	said	said	dire
see	saw	seen	voir
seek	sought	sought	chercher
sell	sold	sold	vendre
send	sent	sent	envoyer
set	set	set	fixer
shake	shook	shaken	secouer
shed	shed	shed	répandre / laisser tomber
shine	shone	shone	briller
shoe	shod	shod	chausser
shoot	shot	shot	tirer / fusiller
show	showed	shown	montrer
shut	shut	shut	fermer
sing	sang	sung	chanter
sink	sank / sunk	sunk / sunken	couler
sit	sat	sat	s’asseoir
slay	slew	slain	tuer
sleep	slept	slept	dormir
slide	slid	slid	glisser
slink	slunk / slinked	slunk / slinked	s’en aller furtivement
slit	slit	slit	fendre
smell	smelt	smelt	sentir
sow	sowed	sown / sowed	semer
speak	spoke	spoken	parler
speed	sped	sped	aller vite
spell	spelt	spelt	épeler / orthographier
spend	spent	spent	dépenser / passer du temps
spill	spilt / spilled	spilt / spilled	renverser
spin	spun	spun	tourner / faire tourner
spit	spat / spit	spat / spit	cracher
split	split	split	fendre
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	gâcher / gâter
spread	spread	spread	répandre
spring	sprang	sprung	surgir / jaillir / bondir
stand	stood	stood	être debout
steal	stole	stolen	voler / dérober
stick	stuck	stuck	coller
sting	stung	stung	piquer
stink	stank	stunk	puer
strew	strewed	strewn / strewed	éparpiller
strike	struck	stricken / struck	frapper
strive	strove	striven	s’efforcer
swear	swore	sworn	jurer
sweat	sweat / sweated	sweat / sweated	suer
sweep	swept	swept	balayer
swell	swelled	swollen / swelled	gonfler / enfler
swim	swam	swum	nager
swing	swung	swung	se balancer
take	took	taken	prendre
teach	taught	taught	enseigner
tear	tore	torn	déchirer
tell	told	told	dire / raconter
think	thought	thought	penser
thrive	throve / thrived	thriven / thrived	prospérer
throw	threw	thrown	jeter
thrust	thrust	thrust	enfoncer
tread	trod	trodden	piétiner quelque chose
typeset	typeset	typeset	composer
undergo	underwent	undergone	subir
understand	understood	understood	comprendre
wake	woke	woken	réveiller
wear	wore	worn	porter (avoir sur soi)
weep	wept	wept	pleurer
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted	mouiller
win	won	won	gagner
wind	wound	wound	enrouler / remonter
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	se retirer
wring	wrung	wrung	tordre
write	wrote	written	écrire